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While most Asian shares are in red territory amid some risk aversion, Indonesia's benchmark Jakarta Composite Index is skyrocketing on Thursday (24/05). In the first trading session of the day the benchmark index of Indonesia soared 2.39 percent to 5,930.13 points as foreigners are back to enjoy bargain hunting (before the start of trading today, the Jakarta Composite Index had weakened nearly 9 percent since the year-start).
There is a big possibility that the central bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) will raise its benchmark interest rate (the 7-day Reverse Repo Rate) at the monthly policy meeting in May (scheduled for 16-17 May 2018). Bank Indonesia Governor Agus Martowardojo confirmed that Bank Indonesia is currently preparing "strict and consistent monetary policy measures, including the adjustment of the benchmark rate, as the central bank gives priority to market confidence and macroeconomic stability".
Indonesia again led losses among Asian stock markets on Friday (04/05). The benchmark Jakarta Composite Index fell 1.13 percent to close at 5,792.35 points, its lowest position since August 2017. Most stocks in the Asia-Pacific region were in the red zone today as investors lack risk appetite ahead of the release of US payrolls data (due later today). Analysts expect to see a strong figure. Meanwhile, US unemployment is also expected to have eased slightly.
In line with expectations the US Federal Reserve left its benchmark interest rate unchanged in the range of 1.50 - 1.75 percent at the two-day May policy meeting (1-2 May 2018). The US central bank also said it expects the recent rise in inflation (approaching the Fed's target) to be sustained, thus markets are increasingly expecting an interest rate hike at the next policy meeting (scheduled for 12-13 June).
Indonesia Investments expects to see Bank Indonesia raising its benchmark interest rate at least once in 2018 in order to relieve pressures on the Indonesian rupiah. Rising expectations that the US Federal Reserve will implement four interest rate hikes in 2018, while the 10-year US treasury yield passed beyond the 3 percent line, have resulted in major pressures on emerging market assets, including Indonesia's rupiah and stocks.
Indonesia's Jakarta Composite Index continued to be plagued by a sell-off on Thursday (26/04) after already having fallen 2.40 percent on the preceding trading day. Today the benchmark index of Indonesia plunged another 2.81 percent to 5,909.20 points amid climbing US treasury yields (passing beyond the psychological boundary of three percent).
The Indonesian rupiah is approaching the IDR 14,000 per US dollar level, the currency's weakest position since mid-December 2015. On Monday (23/04) the rupiah depreciated 0.59 percent to IDR 13,975 per US dollar (Bloomberg Dollar Index). Considering the fundamentals of the domestic economy are strong (despite some room for concern about Indonesia's widening current account deficit), it are external factors that put pressure on the rupiah.
The Indonesian rupiah depreciated heavily against the US dollar on Friday (20/04) amid the release of positive US economic data, a rise in the benchmark 10-year US bond yields, while the US Federal Reserve may remain on track to push for monetary tightening as concerns about geopolitical trouble and a global trade war ease. Meanwhile, the start of the US earnings season was promising with 88 percent of released reports either meeting or exceeding consensus (so far about 15 percent of US companies have released their corporate earnings reports).
The foreign exchange reserves of Indonesia fell to USD $126.0 billion at the end of March 2018, down from a level of USD $128.06 billion one month earlier. The decrease in reserve assets was particularly attributed to the use of foreign exchange for public foreign debt repayments and rupiah stabilization efforts amid pressures stemming from rising global uncertainty in the financial markets. Uncertainties originate from the latest Fed Funds Rate hike as well as the looming trade war between the USA and China (but would be felt across the globe).
As was widely expected by markets, the Federal Reserve raised its key interest rate to the range of 1.50 - 1.75 percent, which is the highest level since 2008, at the March 2018 monthly policy meeting on Wednesday (21/03). The rate hike was already priced in as few expected a different decision, hence most Southeast Asian stock indexes are up on Thursday (22/03), including Indonesia's benchmark Jakarta Composite Index that rose 0.19 percent to 6,324.78 points in the first trading session.
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As expected, Bank Indonesia cut the benchmark interest rate at its monetary policy meeting on 17-18 September 2024. The BI rate was cut by 25 basis points (bps) to 6.00 percent, while also lowering the deposit facility and lending facility rates by 25 bps to 5.25 percent and 6.75 percent, respectively.
When global markets became really confident that the US Federal Reserve would cut its benchmark interest rate in September 2024, there occurred a sort of relief rally that is visible in Chart A below. Amid the increase in risk appetite, Indonesian stocks and the rupiah rate strengthened. Chart A shows that this rally started in late-July or early August 2024.
Over the past month, expectations of a looming interest rate cut in the United States (US) have only grown. The US Federal Reserve is widely expected to start cutting its benchmark interest rate at its policy meeting scheduled for 17-18 September 2024. In fact, the question seems to be whether it’ll be a 0.25 or 0.50 percentage point cut.
It is very interesting to take a quick look at the conclusions drawn at the latest US Federal Reserve meeting (held on 30-31 July 2024), as these conclusions have a big impact on global financial markets, including the Indonesian rupiah rate (and even on monetary policy of Indonesia’s central bank, Bank Indonesia).
As usual, we are going to take a look at the US Federal Reserve’s monetary policy as policy changes in the United States (or market perceptions about approaching policy changes) impact on the Indonesian rupiah rate as well as on monetary policy that is set by Indonesia’s central bank (Bank Indonesia).
In line with our projection, the central bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) decided to raise its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points (bps) to 6.00 percent after its October 2023 monetary policy meeting (held on 18-19 October 2023). Meanwhile, it also raised its deposit facility and lending facility by 25 bps, each, to 5.25 percent and 6.75 percent, respectively.
At the latest monthly monetary policy meeting (held on 24-25 July 2023) the central bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) decided to keep its benchmark interest rate (the Seven-Day Reverse Repo Rate) at 5.75 percent. The lender of last resort also kept its deposit facility and lending facility rates at 5.0 percent and 6.5 percent, respectively.
At the latest monthly monetary policy meeting (held on 21-22 June 2023) the central bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) decided to keep its benchmark interest rate (the Seven-Day Reverse Repo Rate) at 5.75 percent. The lender of last resort also kept its deposit facility and lending facility rates at 5.0 percent and 6.5 percent, respectively.
In our previous report we expected to witness a calmer international context as the US Federal Reserve was assumed (by markets and most analysts) to have ended its monetary tightening phase.
Last month, we saw that the Indonesian rupiah started appreciating when the world was focused on the US Federal Reserve’s response to the collapse of three American banks (followed by trouble at Credit Suisse).
