Are Inefficiency & Bureaucracy Tools for Job Creation in Indonesia? A Case Study: Immigration Policies
Red tape or excessive bureaucracy is an obstacle to economic and social development in Indonesia. Over the past decades, the country missed out on billions of (US) dollars because investors decided to withdraw their investment plans in Indonesia. Excessive bureaucracy is one of the often mentioned reasons.
Inefficient regulations and excessive bureaucracy are two sides of the same coin. In Indonesia inefficient regulations and excessive bureaucracy is a systemic disease that is very hard to overcome as it is part of a culture that has been cultivated over decades and has shaped the mentality of bureaucrats.
While this situation has very negative consequences in the long-term (such as the example that Indonesia misses out on direct investment, hence missing out on new employment opportunities), in the short-term there are some positive side-effects. For example, the government needs a big number of bureaucrats in its overly bulky organizational structure. Indeed, this drains administrative funds, but on the other hand it creates employment and provides income for many people.
In fact, inefficient regulations and excessive bureaucracy give rise to complete new businesses. For example, foreigners who want to open a company or representative office in Indonesia are advised to use a local agency or law firm to arrange all permits because if such services are not used, then it tends to become a very complex and time-consuming affair. Due to chaotic, complex, unclear, conflicting or inefficient regulations - as well as the language and possibly cultural barriers - it is very hard for newcomers to Indonesia to set up such legal entities by themselves.
These local business agencies or law firms have a network within the relevant government institutions and can therefore arrange permits much easier. They also know how and when to give some under-the-table money to officials to speed up the process. Although it is usually quite expensive to use the services of such agencies, at the end of the day it is more efficient because the legal entity is established rapidly (and, after all, time is also money). Hence, the difficulty of doing business in Indonesia due to excessive and unclear bureaucracy (red tape) or weak coordination between the center and regions actually opens up opportunities for others to create a business (and for some officials a chance to make some additional money).
In this article, we use immigration policies as a case study. Indonesia's immigration department has been moving towards an online system in order to make the process easier for foreigners to arrange certain permits (in this case we zoom in on the temporary resident permit, or KITAS). But is this new online system efficient? Does it really change anything? Or does it actually allow an additional revenue source for the immigration office?
Read the article in the February 2019 edition of our monthly research report. You can purchase the report by sending an email to info@indonesia-investments.com or a WhatsApp message to the following number: +62(0)8788.410.6944
Polls Indonesia Investments:
Has corruption been falling in Indonesian society (politics/governance/business) over the past decade?
Voting possible: -
Results
- Yes, Indonesia is now less corrupt than 10 years ago (47.4%)
- No, it has stayed at the same level (21.4%)
- No, Indonesia has become even more corrupt (20.5%)
- No opinion (10.8%)
Total amount of votes: 870